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KMID : 0613620200400020387
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Health Social Welfare Review
2020 Volume.40 No. 2 p.387 ~ p.415
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Rich Parent, Poor Parent: Differences in the Parenthood Effect on Income across the Wage Distribution
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Ham Sun-Yu
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Abstract
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This study investigates whether the wage effects of childbirth vary across the wage distribution. It is generally argued that women pay motherhood penalties and men earn fatherhood premiums when they become a parent. However, recent studies found that these parenthood effects differ across the wage distribution. To explore such variation across the income distribution, this study applies unconditional quantile regression and mixed effect model using 1-21 waves of the Korean Income Panel Study. The results show that both men and women pay the parenthood penalty in lower-wage groups while they earn parenthood premiums in higher-wage distribution. This means that the transition to parenthood aggravates income inequality. It implies that the transition to parenthood is deeply correlated with the social structure of inequalities.
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KEYWORD
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Motherhood Penalty, Fatherhood Premium, Wage Inequality, Unconditional Quantile Regression
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